Introduction

Methods

Farms

Synthesis

Future

References

Linkages

Main Page

Allen, Patricia (ed) 1993. Food for the Future: Conditions and Contradictions of Sustainability. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.:N.Y.

Appleby, M. C. and B. O. Hughes. 1991. Welfare of laying hens in cages and alternative systems: environmental, physical and behavioral aspects. World's Poultry Science Journal 47: 109-128.

Axtell, R. C. and J. J. Arends. 1990. Ecology and management of arthropod pests of poultry. Annual Review of Entomology 35: 101-126.

Beus, Curtis E. and Riley E. Dunlap 1990. Conventional Versus Alternative Agriculture: The Paradigmatic Roots of the Debate. Rural Sociology 55(4):590-616.

Bingen, J. Peter 1996. ADomestic Geese as Weed Control Agents in a Vegetable Cropping System: Shade and Its Effect on Behavior and Biocontrol Performance@ unpublished manuscript Hampshire College, Amherst, MA.

Casagrade, R. A. 1987. The Colorado potato beetle: 125 years of mismanagement. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 33: 142-150.

Cebenko, Jill Jesiolowski. 1997. Weeds and Pests? Get Ducks and Geese. Organic Gardning. 44(6):26-32.

Clark, Michael Sean 1996. An Evaluation of Domestic Chickens and Geese As Biological Control Agents For Insect Pests and Weeds. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Entomology, Michigan State University: East Lansing.

Clark, M. Sean and Stuart H. Gage 1996. The Effects of Free-range Domestic Birds on the Abundance of Epigeic Predators and Earthworms. Applied Soil Ecology 130_______.

Clark, M. Sean and Stuart H. Gage 1996 ."Effects of free-range chickens and geese on Insect Pests and Weeds in an Agroecosystem" American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 11(1):39-47.

Clark, M. Sean and Laura B. DeLind 1995."Evaluating the Role of Domestic Birds On Small Farms," poster presentation at the Association for Farming Systems Research-Education conference, Iowa State University, November 5-8.

Clark, M. S., S. H. Gage, and L. B. DeLind. 1995. The compatibility of domestic birds in a non-chemical agroecosystem. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 10(3):114-121.

Cooper, David, Renee Vellve and Henk Hobbelink 1992. Growing Diversity: Genetic Resources and Local Food Security. Intermediate Technology Publications:London.

Cramer, C. 1992. Weeder geese boost berry profits $222 per acre. The New Farm 14(4): 38-40.

Esteva, Gustavo 1994. Re-embedding Food in Agriculture. Culture and Agriculture Bulletin 48 (Winter):2-13.

Gage, Stuart H. 1996. "A Perspective on Sustainable Agriculture in the Land Grant University System." Eco-Informa 10:146-153.

Gage, S. H., M. S. Clark, and L. B. DeLind. 1994. Development of methods towards sustainable apple and poultry production. North Central Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program Final Report: ANC 92-14. 24p.

Gerber, John M. 1992. Farmer Participation in Research: A Model for Adaptive Research and Education. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 7(3):118-121.

Gillen, R. L. and C. J. Scifres. 1991. Selective grazing as a weed control method. In D. Pimentel [ed.]. CRC handbook of pest management in agriculture. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 369-376.

Hoare, A. H. 1928. The English grass orchard. Riverside Press, Edinburgh, Great Britain. 227p.

Holderread, D. 1981. The book of geese. Hen House Publications, Corvallis, OR.

Hough-Goldstein, J. A., J. Geiger, D. Chang, and W. Saylor. 1993. Palatability and toxicity of the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to domestic chickens. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 86: 158-164.

Kloppenburg, Jack Jr. 1991. Social Theory and the De/Reconstruction of Agricultural Science: Local Knowledge for an Alternative Agriculture. Rural Sociology 56(4):519-548.

Lacy, B. William 1994. Biodiversity, Cultural Diversity, and Food Equity. Agriculture and Human Values XI(1):3-9.

Lasley, Paul, Eric Hoiberg, and Gordon Bultena 1993. Is Sustainable Agriculture an Elixir for Rural Communities?. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 8(3):133-139.

Ludwig, J. A. and J. F. Reynolds. 1988. Statistical Ecology. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Lyson, Thomas A. and Rick Welsh 1993. The Production Function, Crop Diversity, and the Debate Between Conventional and Sustainable Agriculture. Rural Sociology 58(3):424-439.

Mayton, E. L., E. V. Smith and D. King. 1945. Nutgrass eradication studies: IV. Use of chickens and geese in the control of nutgrass, Cyperus rotundus L. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy 37: 785-791.

McDonald, D. G. and C. J. Glynn. 1994. Difficulties in measuring adoption of apple IPM: a case study. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 48: 219-230.

Mooney, Patrick and Cary Fowler 1990. Shattering: Food, Politics, and the Loss of Genetic Diversity. University of Arizona Press:Tucson.

National Research Council. 1989. Alternative Agriculture. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 448p.

1991. Microlivestock. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 449p.

Ojeniyi, A. A. Comparative bacterial drug resistance in modern battery and free-range poultry in a tropical environment. Veterinary Record 117: 11-12.

Owen, M. and J. M. Black. 1990. Waterfowl ecology. Chapman and Hall, New York. 194p.

Pielou, E. C. 1984. The interpretation of ecological data. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 263p.

Pope, C. W. 1991. Poultry production=s environmental impact on water quality. Poultry Science 70: 1123-1125.

Racette, G., G. Chouinard, C. Vincent, and S. B. Hill. 1992. Ecology and management of the plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in apple orchards. Phytoprotection 73: 85-100.

Radcliffe, E. B., K. L. Flanders, D. W. Ragsdale, & D. M. Noetzel. 1991. Pest management systems for potato insects. In D. Pimentel [ed.], CRC handbook of pest management in agriculture. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 587-621.

Ridgely, A.-M. and S. B. Brush. 1992. Social factors and selective technology adoption: the case of integrated pest management. Human Organization 51: 367-378.

Rocheleau, Diane E. 1991. Gender, Ecology, and the Science of Survival: Stories and Lessons from Kenya. Agriculture and Human Values VIII(1&2):156-165.

Ruesch, Jurgen and Weldon Kees 1986. ANonverbal Communication: Notes on the visual Perception of Human Relations@ in Visual Anthropology: Photography as a Research Method. John Collier, Jr. and Malcolm (eds.). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

Salatin, J. 1991. Profit by appointment only. The New Farm 13(6): 8-12.

Shiva, Vandana 1993. Monocultures of the Mind (Chapter 1). Monocultures of the Mind. Third World Network:Malaysia. pp9-64.

Sims, J. T. and D. C. Wolf. 1994. Poultry waste management: agricultural and environmental issues. Advances in Agronomy 52: 1-83.

Traupman, M. 1990. Profitable poultry on pasture. The New Farm 12(4): 20-23.

VABF. 1993. Proceedings of the Virginia Association of Biological Farming New River chapter farmer to farmer conference. Floyd, VA.